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not to be confused with Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638), a contemporary Dutch cartographer
Willem Janszoon (c.1570 -
1630),
Netherlands navigator and colonial governor, is the first European known to have seen the coast of
Australia. His name is sometimes abbreviated to
Willem Jansz. (with or without the full stop).The surname Janszoon means "son of Jan", or son of "Johannes" (Janszoon in Dutch). In the early 17th century this was already pronounced as "Janse". This is similar to Johnson in English. Surnames were often not used and children were simply named for their father's given name. In areas where not many people lived he would simply be given the name Willem Jansz, so all we know about him is that his father's name was Johannes or Jan. As in many countries, genealogy and historical research in the Netherlands can be difficult for this reason. See {{cite book | title =Note on 17th Century Dutch names
| publisher =[Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =31 July [
| url = http://gutenberg.net.au/Dutch-note.html--> Willem Janszoon was most probably born in [Amsterdam, the [Netherlands.
Early life
Nothing is known of Willem Janszoon's early life. He is first recorded as entering into the service of the
Oude compagnie, one of the predecessors of the
Dutch East India Company (VOC), as a mate aboard the
Hollandia, part of the second fleet dispatched by the Dutch to the Dutch East Indies in 1598.Mutch (1942), p13 On May 5
1601, Jansz again sailed for the East Indies as master of the
Lam, in the
Ram, Schaep, and Lam fleet of
Joris van Spilbergen.Mutch (1942), p15
He sailed from the Netherlands for the East Indies for the third time on
18 December 1603 as captain of the
Duyfken (or
Duijfken, meaning "Little Dove"), one of twelve ships of the great fleet of
Steven van der Hagen.Mutch (1942), p17 Once in the Indies, Willem Janszoon was sent to search out other outlets for trade, particularly in "the great land of Nova Guinea and other East and Southlands."
Exploration
On
November 18 1605, the
Duyfken sailed from
Bantam (city) to the coast of western
New Guinea. He then crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea, without seeing
Torres Strait, into the Gulf of Carpentaria, and made a landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of
Cape York in Queensland, near the modern town of
Weipa, Queensland. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Willem Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320
kilometre of the coastline, which he thought to be a southerly extension of New Guinea.
Finding the land swampy and the people inhospitable (ten of his men were killed on various shore expeditions), at Cape Keerweer ("Turnabout"), south of Albatross Bay, Willem Janszoon headed home and arrived back at Bantam in June
1606. He called the land he had discovered "Nieu Zelandt" after the Dutch province of Zeeland but this name was not adopted, and was later used by
Abel Tasman to name New Zealand.
The
Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in March 1606, a few weeks before
Luis Váez de Torres sailed through it. Willem Janszoon returned to the Netherlands in the belief that the south coast of New Guinea was joined to the land along which he coasted, and Dutch maps reproduced this error for many years to come. Although there have been many suggestions that earlier navigators from
China, France or
Portugal may have discovered parts of Australia, the
Duyfken is the first European vessel known to have done so.
Second voyage to Australia
Janszoon reported that on
31 July 1618 he had landed on an island at 22° South with a length of 22 miles and 240 miles SSE of the
Sunda Strait.Heeres (1899), p13 This is generally interpreted as a discription of the peninsula from Point Cloates () to North West Cape () on the Western Australian coast, which Janszoon presumed was an island without fully circumnavigating it.Mutch (1942), p46
Political life
Willem Janszoon served in the
Dutch East Indies for several periods (
1603-
1611,
1612-
1616, including a period as governor of Fort Henricus on Solor,Mutch (1942), p43 and
1618-1628, during which time was served as admiral of the Dutch fleetMutch (1942), p49 and as governor of Banda (1623-
1627).Mutch (1942), p50 He was awarded a gold chain worth 1,000 guilders in
1619 for his part in capturing four ships of the British East India Company which had aided the Javanese in their defence of the town of Jakarta against the Dutch.Mutch (1942), p48 He returned to Batavia in June 1627 and soon afterwards, as admiral of a fleet of eight vessels, went on a diplomatic mission to India.Mutch (1942), p51 On 4 December 1628 he sailed for Holland and on 16 July 1629 reported on the state of the Indies at The Hague.Mutch (1942), p51 He was probably now about 60 years of age and willing to retire from his strenuous and successful life in the service of his country. Nothing is known of his last days.
Records
The original journal and log made during Willem Janszoon's
1606 voyage have been lost. The Duyfken chart, which shows the location of the first landfall in Australia by the
Duyfken, had a better fate. It was still in existence in Amsterdam when
Hessel Gerritsz made his Map of the Pacific in 1622, and placed the Duyfken geography upon it, thus providing us with the first map that contains any part of Australia; it was still in existence about
1670, when a copy was made, which eventually went to the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in
Vienna and remained buried there for 200 years. The map is part of the
Atlas Blaeu Van der Hem, brought to Vienna in
1730 by Prince Eugene of Savoy.
References
| last =Heeres
| first =J. E.
| authorlink =
| title =Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765
| publisher =Royal Dutch Geographical Society, [Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =1899
| location =London
| pages =114
| url = http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0501231h.html -->
| last =Mutch
| first =T. D.
| authorlink =
| title =The First Discovery of Australia
| publisher =Mutch, [Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =1942
| location =Sydney
| pages =55
| url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600631h.html-->
| last =Scott
| first =Ernest
| authorlink =Ernest Scott
| title =A short History of Australia
| publisher =[Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =
July 16 [
| location =Melbourne
| pages =
| url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200471h.html -->
| title =Janssen, Willem (fl. 1603 - 1628)
| publisher=[Australian Dictionary of Biography
| url =http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020013b.htm-->
Notes
External links
- The Voyage of the Duyfken Replica, 1999
- Duyfken Timeline
not to be confused with Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638), a contemporary Dutch cartographer
Willem Janszoon (c.
1570 - 1630),
Netherlands navigator and colonial governor, is the first European known to have seen the coast of Australia. His name is sometimes abbreviated to
Willem Jansz. (with or without the full stop).The surname Janszoon means "son of Jan", or son of "Johannes" (Janszoon in Dutch). In the early 17th century this was already pronounced as "Janse". This is similar to Johnson in English. Surnames were often not used and children were simply named for their father's given name. In areas where not many people lived he would simply be given the name Willem Jansz, so all we know about him is that his father's name was Johannes or Jan. As in many countries, genealogy and historical research in the Netherlands can be difficult for this reason. See {{cite book | title =Note on 17th Century Dutch names
| publisher =[Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =
31 July [
| url = http://gutenberg.net.au/Dutch-note.html--> Willem Janszoon was most probably born in [Amsterdam, the [Netherlands.
Early life
Nothing is known of Willem Janszoon's early life. He is first recorded as entering into the service of the
Oude compagnie, one of the predecessors of the
Dutch East India Company (VOC), as a mate aboard the
Hollandia, part of the second fleet dispatched by the Dutch to the Dutch East Indies in 1598.Mutch (1942), p13 On May 5
1601, Jansz again sailed for the
East Indies as master of the
Lam, in the
Ram, Schaep, and Lam fleet of Joris van Spilbergen.Mutch (1942), p15
He sailed from the Netherlands for the East Indies for the third time on 18 December
1603 as captain of the
Duyfken (or
Duijfken, meaning "Little Dove"), one of twelve ships of the great fleet of
Steven van der Hagen.Mutch (1942), p17 Once in the Indies, Willem Janszoon was sent to search out other outlets for trade, particularly in "the great land of Nova Guinea and other East and Southlands."
Exploration
On November 18
1605, the
Duyfken sailed from
Bantam (city) to the coast of western
New Guinea. He then crossed the eastern end of the
Arafura Sea, without seeing Torres Strait, into the
Gulf of Carpentaria, and made a landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of
Cape York in Queensland, near the modern town of Weipa, Queensland. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Willem Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 kilometre of the coastline, which he thought to be a southerly extension of New Guinea.
Finding the land swampy and the people inhospitable (ten of his men were killed on various shore expeditions), at Cape Keerweer ("Turnabout"), south of Albatross Bay, Willem Janszoon headed home and arrived back at Bantam in June
1606. He called the land he had discovered "Nieu Zelandt" after the Dutch province of Zeeland but this name was not adopted, and was later used by
Abel Tasman to name
New Zealand.
The
Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in March 1606, a few weeks before Luis Váez de Torres sailed through it. Willem Janszoon returned to the Netherlands in the belief that the south coast of New Guinea was joined to the land along which he coasted, and Dutch maps reproduced this error for many years to come. Although there have been many suggestions that earlier navigators from
China, France or
Portugal may have discovered parts of Australia, the
Duyfken is the first European vessel known to have done so.
Second voyage to Australia
Janszoon reported that on 31 July 1618 he had landed on an island at 22° South with a length of 22 miles and 240 miles SSE of the Sunda Strait.Heeres (1899), p13 This is generally interpreted as a discription of the peninsula from Point Cloates () to North West Cape () on the Western Australian coast, which Janszoon presumed was an island without fully circumnavigating it.Mutch (1942), p46
Political life
Willem Janszoon served in the Dutch East Indies for several periods (1603-1611,
1612-
1616, including a period as governor of Fort Henricus on Solor,Mutch (1942), p43 and 1618-
1628, during which time was served as admiral of the Dutch fleetMutch (1942), p49 and as governor of Banda (1623-
1627).Mutch (1942), p50 He was awarded a gold chain worth 1,000
guilders in 1619 for his part in capturing four ships of the British East India Company which had aided the Javanese in their defence of the town of
Jakarta against the Dutch.Mutch (1942), p48 He returned to Batavia in June 1627 and soon afterwards, as admiral of a fleet of eight vessels, went on a diplomatic mission to India.Mutch (1942), p51 On
4 December 1628 he sailed for Holland and on 16 July
1629 reported on the state of the Indies at The Hague.Mutch (1942), p51 He was probably now about 60 years of age and willing to retire from his strenuous and successful life in the service of his country. Nothing is known of his last days.
Records
The original journal and log made during Willem Janszoon's
1606 voyage have been lost. The Duyfken chart, which shows the location of the first landfall in Australia by the
Duyfken, had a better fate. It was still in existence in Amsterdam when
Hessel Gerritsz made his Map of the Pacific in 1622, and placed the Duyfken geography upon it, thus providing us with the first map that contains any part of Australia; it was still in existence about 1670, when a copy was made, which eventually went to the
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in
Vienna and remained buried there for 200 years. The map is part of the
Atlas Blaeu Van der Hem, brought to Vienna in 1730 by
Prince Eugene of Savoy.
References
| last =Heeres
| first =J. E.
| authorlink =
| title =Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765
| publisher =Royal Dutch Geographical Society, [Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =1899
| location =London
| pages =114
| url = http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0501231h.html -->
| last =Mutch
| first =T. D.
| authorlink =
| title =The First Discovery of Australia
| publisher =Mutch, [Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =1942
| location =Sydney
| pages =55
| url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600631h.html-->
| last =Scott
| first =Ernest
| authorlink =Ernest Scott
| title =A short History of Australia
| publisher =[Project Gutenberg of Australia
| date =July 16 [
| location =Melbourne
| pages =
| url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200471h.html -->
| title =Janssen, Willem (fl. 1603 - 1628)
| publisher=[Australian Dictionary of Biography
| url =http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020013b.htm-->
Notes
External links
- The Voyage of the Duyfken Replica, 1999
- Duyfken Timeline
